Evaluating the performance of Self-Sensing concrete sensors under temperature and moisture variations- a review

Cement-based sensors, widely used in monitoring the health of various structural elements, are constantly exposed to different environmental conditions, especially a wide range of temperatures and different moisture levels. Concrete is a dynamic material that exchanges ions with its environment and undergoes various chemical reactions over time. Moisture, various chemical agents, and temperature changes can significantly affect the behavior of cement sensors. Sensors based on cement-based composites have been developed with precise composition, dimensions, and setup to measure strain and stress, locate and assess damage severity, and detect temperature and moisture. To accurately evaluate the behavior and performance of cement sensors and improve the validity of their outputs, it is necessary to examine the variables affecting their behavior and propose strategies to reduce the unwanted effects of these factors. The aim of this research is to examine how temperature and moisture changes influence the conductive and multifunctional properties of filler compounds, like carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes. This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the durability and performance of cement sensors, and to suggest strategies and recommendations for managing and mitigating the adverse effects of these factors, thus ensuring the accurate operation of the sensors. The results show significant improvements in smart cement-based sensors, which have been used in most structural fields, especially in determining the health status of structures, traffic detection, moisture detection, and fire alarm, indicating promising prospects for more practical use in various industries.