Effect of post-curing temperature on the retention of mechanical strength of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites after a long-term thermal oxidative aging

This work concerns the thermal-oxidative aging behavior of phthalonitrile thermosets and composites at 280-350 degrees C. The easy-to-process resin containing bis(3-[3,4-dicyanophenoxy]phenyl)phenyl phosphate with APB as curing agent and the resin-based composites post-cured at 330 degrees C, 350 degrees C, and 375 degrees C were studied. The phthalonitrile thermosets post-cured at 330 degrees C retained flexural strength of 77 MPa after 200 h of thermal aging at 280 degrees C and 37 MPa (40%) after the same time at 300 degrees C while the resins post-cured at 350 degrees C and 375 degrees C lost over 80% of the flexural strength in these experiments. The same trend of faster oxidation of the samples post-cured at higher temperatures was observed for the composites. For the first time, crosslinking reactions were observed during the aging, despite the aging temperatures being below the Tg of thermosets. Thus, the work shows a high long-term thermal oxidative stability of the studied phthalonitrile resins at temperatures up to 300 degrees C and fast destruction of the materials at 350 degrees C despite the resin decomposition temperatures determined by dynamic TGA being over 500 degrees C. The work has shown the negative effect of high-temperature post-curing on the operating properties of the phthalonitrile composites as constructive materials for long-term application at elevated temperatures.