Classification of hemoglobin fractions in the liquid state using Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning

•Demonstrated the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a rapid identification method that could be combined with HPLC for identifying Hb fractions.•Investigated Raman spectroscopy as an identification technique for Hb fractions (diagnosis hemoglobinopathy diseases) in the liquid state.•Highlighted the possibility of miniaturizing the detection approach and integrating it into medical devices for point-of-care testing and rapid diagnosis in clinical settings.•Optimized machine learning models, support vector machines and fully connected neural networks, to classify Hb fractions with high accuracy.