Synergistic enhancement of electrochemiluminescence through hybridization of -Ge nanolayers and gold nanoparticles for highly sensitive detection of tyramine

This work presents a novel approach for detecting biogenic amine tyramine using a sensitive and disposable electrochemiluminescent sensor. The sensor is fabricated by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode surface with two nanomaterials, alpha-Ge nanolayers and AuNP, which synergistically enhance the electrochemiluminescence response. The sensor was characterized using various techniques such as SEM-EDX, EIS, Raman, and AFM. The principle of the biosensor relays on the fact that tyramine molecule acts as an analyte and co-reactant, which interacts with the luminophore [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) on the sensor surface. The proposed sensor shows a linear response to tyramine concentration, with a detection limit of 2.28 mu M. The sensor successfully detected tyramine in avocado samples, demonstrating its potential for practical applications.