Subsurface Object 3D Modeling Based on Ground Penetration Radar Using Deep Neural Network

In numerous infrastructure health monitoring and inspection applications, swift and precise three-dimensional reconstruction of subsurface objects from ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is of critical importance, particularly given the recent advancements in perception modeling and the emergence of deep learning. Nonetheless, current research on the reconstruction of subsurface infrastructure scenes and objects faces limitations. Owing to the restrictions of conventional GPR data processing, these methodologies are prone to GPR data with noisy backgrounds and struggle to recreate noncylindrical objects. This paper investigates the back-projection (BP) approach for GPR-based three-dimensional (3D) subsurface target reconstruction and presents a learning model that formulates the reconstruction as an implicit BP from 2D to 3D representations, circumventing any preprocessing requirements in contrast to traditional techniques. The proposed learned model ultimately generates an explicit volumetric representation of the subsurface objects. Experimental results show at least a 33% enhancement in the performance of the proposed model compared to meticulously designed baselines.