Design of a potassiophilic 3D conductive scaffold potassium anode (3D-CTZ@K) with dendrite-free and high energy-power density in potassium metal batteries
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A(2023)
摘要
Potassium (K) metal batteries are attracting considerable attention due to their low cost and high energy density. However, the practical application of K metal batteries is hampered by severe K dendrite growth and enormous volume variation during cycling on the K anode. Herein, a 3D-CTZ@K anode was fabricated by infusing molten K into a near-perfect scaffold (3D-CTZ), which was constructed by adsorbing K nucleation "seeds" (Ti3C2 MXene encapsulated ZnO nanoparticles, denoted as TZ hybrids) inside a 3D inter-connected porous carbon foam (3D-CF). Because of high potassiophilicity, large void space, extraordinary mechanical stability, and electron conductivity, the 3D-CTZ scaffold not only provides abundant K nucleation sites and rapid electron transfer paths but also physically confines the K deposition, suppressing volume variation during K plating/stripping processes. Consequently, 3D-CTZ@K achieves a dendrite-free K behavior and alleviates volume variation, realizing extraordinary cycle stability and high rate capability. The 3D-CTZ@K//PB full battery also delivers excellent long-cycle stability with an enhanced capacity retention of 75.1% and an ultrahigh energy density of 352.5 W h kg-1 at a power density of 7548.2 W kg-1. Such a sustainable K anode design sheds light on the design of dendrite-free K metal batteries and also other alkali metal batteries. A 3D-CTZ@K anode was constructed by infusion of molten K metal into a 3D-CTZ scaffold to achieve extraordinary cycle stability with high rate capability. The 3D-CTZ@K//PB full battery exhibits an unprecedented energy and power densities.
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关键词
conductive scaffold potassium anode,potassiophilic 3d,batteries,d-ctz,dendrite-free,energy-power
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