An impedance-multi-method-based fault location methodology for transmission lines connected to inverter-based resources

This paper is motivated by the growing penetration of Inverter-Based Resources (IBRs) in power systems and their impacts on fault diagnosis systems. Also, a motivating factor is the scarcity of works in the literature that evaluate the effects and provide solutions to impedance-based fault location in lines interconnecting IBRs to the grid. In this context, the performance of ten traditional impedance-based (one- and two-terminal) fault location methods is evaluated, and a multi-method methodology that minimizes the obtained fault location errors is proposed. To conduct the analysis and propose the methodology, the PSCAD software is used to carry out massive fault simulations on two systems with different voltage levels and connection topologies of IBRs to the grid. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology significantly minimizes the fault location percentage errors, being a very promising proposal, especially for conditions in which communication channels between the line terminals are unavailable.