Hydrothermal Synthesis of the CeO₂ Nanoparticles and Its Calcination Temperature Effect on Dielectric and Supercapacitor Performance

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method. In this method cerium (IV) sulfate tetrahydrate as precursor was taken as solvent and sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. In this case, the CeO2 NPs were synthesized at various annealing conditions and characterized by different instrument techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Raman spectroscopy were employed to examine the crystal structure, functional groups, morphology and elemental composition of the final product. The dried and different calcination of the CeO2 NPs were investigated by supercapacitor and dielectric performance.