Improving PSCs’ Short-circuit Current by Adding NaErF4:0.5

In this study, we synthesized a core-shell structure of up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and deposited it on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Subsequently, we assembled a series of perovskite solar cells with FTO/UCNPs/c-TiO2/mp-TiO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au structures with an effective area of 0.04 cm2. To optimize the devices, we adjusted the concentration of UCNPs precursor. The optimized device showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.73