A Survey of Factors That Influence Affinity With Dogs for People With Autism

Affinity with dogs has been defined as the degree to which people value interactions with dogs; it may be influenced by individual preferences, experiences with animals, and characteristics of the dog. To date, however, there has been limited investigation regarding factors that influence dog affinity for people with autism. An anonymous online survey was used in this study; it included demographic questions; exploration of experiences with animals; attitudes, preferences, likes, and dislikes of dogs; and the perceived impact of dogs on the person with autism's social and community participation. The survey was distributed via social media channels, assistance dog organizations, and a disability provider to people living in Australia (n = 131) who were (1) an adult with a diagnosis of autism or (2) a next-of-kin of a person of any age with autism (completing the survey on behalf of their family member). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and content analysis. There were no significant differences in levels of affinity between children and adults with autism. However, findings indicated significant differences in levels of affinity between participants with and without a dog. Text entry responses to questions provided additional insights into participants' attitudes and sensory preferences toward dogs, suggesting that affinity with dogs can be influenced by personal, disability-related, environmental, and animal-related factors. An awareness and consideration of these factors is essential for individuals with autism, their families, and service providers - including animal-assisted therapy or assistance animal organizations - when considering individual participation goals and determining if animal supports are the most appropriate option. Without an awareness and understanding of these factors, this could limit the effectiveness of the human-animal interaction.