Efficacy of nanoparticles for ameliorating detrimental effects of ozone and salinity

Salinity and ozone are two growing issues that are affecting the growth of crops. Salinity refers to the concentration of salt in soil or water, and it can reduce crop yields and cause soil degradation. The main way that excessive salts interfere with the cellular osmotic equilibrium is by reducing the water potential within cells. Because they alter the osmotic balance between plant roots and soil and interfere with the physiological and metabolic functions of plants, saline soils have a negative impact on plant growth and productivity. Ozone is also a significant abiotic stress that has a deleterious impact on crop yield. Visible foliar damage to O-3 may have an adverse economic impact on crop quality and yield. When it enters the intercellular gaps, it rapidly produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes oxidative stress. Tolerance to abiotic stress can be increased through a number of approaches, such as creating genetically manipulated cultivars with inserted genes that enhance their resilience to stress. This chapter focuses on the developments in the use of nanotechnology to reduce abiotic stresses (salinity and ozone) on some of the most important crops. Additionally, the effects of tropospheric ozone and salt stress on plant biochemistry have been discussed.