The Current Progresses and Future Perspectives of Photoreactors and Catalysts Used in Photocatalytic Reduction of CO₂

Since the 21st century, with the increasing emissions of CO2-based greenhouse gases, it has been more and more urgent to seek new energy sources to build a low-carbon society. Among them, solar energy drives the conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuel technology, which has great potential. This paper reviews the recent development of the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, including the progress of reactors and common catalysts. Through the analysis of a large number of literature and experimental data, the author highlights several key points: First, the paper describes the effects of different types of reactor structures and process parameters on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 reactions, and reports an analysis of the influx state, temperature, light source, and fixation control of the catalyst. Second, the article focuses on the performance of different kinds of catalysts in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions, including semiconductor catalysts, metal catalysts, and other catalysts that have appeared in recent years. The authors studied the development process, the modification method, and the influence of different structures on the reaction process and introduced the advantages and disadvantages of various catalysts, which provide guidance for finding more efficient and sustainable applications. Finally, this paper gives an overview of the problems and challenges mentioned in this study, discusses the methods and ways to further improve the reaction efficiency and catalyst stability, and proposes directions and ideas for future research. In conclusion, this article systematically reviews the important progress in the field of photocatalytic reduction of CO2, highlighting the development status and research progress of reactors and catalysts. It has important reference significance for the research and application of related disciplines.