Developments and challenges for new and emergent preparations for male hypogonadism treatment.

The selection of a specific T preparation should be adequately discussed with each subject. Transdermal T preparations are those that can preserve, after a unique morning administration, the circadian rhythmicity of T secretion. Conversely, short-acting preparations (such as oral or intranasal) need two- or three-times daily administration, potentially reducing patient compliance. Long acting T preparations, such as injectable T undecanoate have the advantage of bimestrial or trimestral administration, reducing the required number of administrations. The use of non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM), a heterogeneous class of compounds selectively acting on androgen receptor targets, remains investigational due to the lack of the full spectrum of T's action and the possible risk of side effects, despite their potential use in the treatment of muscle wasting and osteoporosis.