Tunable IR perfect absorbers enabled by tungsten doped VO₂ thin films

The temperature tunability of complex dielectric constants of vanadium dioxide (VO2) makes it a promising phase-change material for use in active, dynamic, tunable photonics applications. Specifically, the semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in VO2 enables reversible, broadband, and large complex refractive index variation and paves the way for a plethora of applications. Although the critical temperature for phase-transition is 68 degrees C for VO2 films, its transition temperature can be reduced to room temperature by tungsten-doping of vanadium dioxide. Such a degree of freedom in controlling the critical temperature through tungsten doping provides further tunability of the thermochromic behavior. In this work, we investigate a variety of W-doped VO2 thin films deposited by laser ablation of targets with increasing W doping content and report detailed infrared characterization together with numerical simulations. Our experimental results indicate that the perfect absorption can be achieved at different temperatures, within the VO2 insulator-to-metal phase transition process, as a function of W doping content. Tunable subwavelength layers allow perfect absorption under different temperature conditions around lambda = 12 mu m. We show that a high dynamic range of reflectivity can be achieved when the temperature is increased above the phase transition temperature. Furthermore, we observe perfect absorption at 11.8 mu m at room temperature for a W content of 0.75%. We believe that W-doped VO2 thin films with tunable and controllable perfect absorption will open the way for a class of promising thermo-optical devices including thermos-photovoltaics, infrared filters, radiative cooling devices, and thermal emitters. (c) 2023 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0164410