Propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in non-uniform wind flows of the polar atmosphere
arXiv (Cornell University)(2023)
摘要
Satellite observations of acoustic-gravity waves in the polar regions of the
atmosphere indicate a close connection of these waves with wind flows. The
paper investigates the peculiarities of the propagation of AGWs in spatially
inhomogeneous flows, where the wind speed slowly changes in the horizontal
direction. A system of hydrodynamic equations is used for the analysis, which
takes into account the wind flow with spatial inhomogeneity. Unlike the system
of equations written for a stationary medium (or a medium moving at a uniform
speed), the resulting system contains components that describe the interaction
of the waves with the medium. It is shown that the influence of inhomogeneous
background parameters of the medium can be separated from the effects of
inertial forces by means of the special variable substitution. The analytical
expression is obtained that describes the changes in the wave amplitude in a
medium moving with a non-uniform speed. This expression contains two functional
dependencies: 1) the linear part caused by changes in the background parameters
of the medium, it does not depend on the direction of the wave propagation
relative to the flow; 2) the exponential part associated with the inertia
forces, which determines the dependence of the amplitudes of AGWs on the
direction of their propagation. The exponential part shows an increase in the
amplitudes of the waves in the headwind and a decrease in their amplitudes in
the downwind. The obtained theoretical dependence of the amplitudes of AGWs on
the wind speed is in good agreement with the data of satellite observations of
these waves in the polar thermosphere.
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关键词
wind,acoustic-gravity,non-uniform
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