An updated review on scientometric analysis and physico-mechanical performance of nanomaterials in cementitious composites

Concerns have been raised about negative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions as a result of the rapid development of civil infrastructure. By producing modified cement, the civil industry has made an effort to reduce CO2 emissions. This type of cement is used in the construction industry because it has sufficient strength and endurance. There is a growing interest among civil engineers who aim to integrate sustainability goals into their projects, particularly in the field of civil engineering. One area that has captured their attention is the application of various carbonbased nanomaterials in cement. In addition, the impacts of various carbon nanomaterials on the strength, durability, and workability of the concrete and mortar were examined. Extensive research indicates that the inclusion of carbon-based nano reinforcers in concrete yields exceptional enhancements in both flexural and compressive strength. Notably, even at remarkably low concentrations, these nano reinforcers demonstrate significant improvements (below 0.08% by weight of cement). These enhancements can reach up to 100 %, as demonstrated in various studies. The increase in the density of the cementitious matrix is attributed to chemical interactions between nanomaterials and the C-S-H gel, rather than physical interactions. This comprehensive overview provides information about widely used conventional nanomaterials and carbon nanomaterials that are employed in cementitious composites. Several researchers in this field have engaged in discussions regarding the typical weight percentages employed in concrete mixes. Additionally, they have conducted evaluations of the mechanical properties exhibited by these nanomaterials when incorporated into concrete. This review article summarises the discoveries from the last decade about the incorporation of nanoparticles in cementitious composites, both in terms of mechanical performance and scientometric evaluation.