Whose Job Is It Anyway? Parents’ Perspectives of Responsibilities for Educating Their Children About Sex

Introduction Parents who do not feel responsible for parent–child sexual communication (PCSC) may be missing out on opportunities to engage in PCSC that has protective effects on children’s sexual well-being. Using the theory of planned behavior and feminist theory, we explore how parents’ PCSC attitudes and demographics are associated with perceptions of who is responsible for PCSC. Methods Using data collected in December 2019 through January 2020 from parents of 6–11-year-olds, we ran chi-square tests, ANOVAs, and logistic regressions to determine how parent PCSC attitudes and other parental factors are associated with parent perceptions of who is responsible for PCSC. Results The majority of parents saw themselves and/or a co-parent as primarily responsible for PCSC about facts and values. Bivariately, parents with higher scores of perceived positive PCSC outcomes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy were more likely to believe that they were solely responsible or shared an equal responsibility for PCSC. Multivariately, mothers and genderqueer parents, parents with the same gender as their child, and parents whose co-parent was less involved in parenting were more likely to report being solely responsible for PCSC. Conclusions Most parents saw themselves or a partner as most responsible for PCSC; parent and child gender were the strongest determinants of parents’ perceptions of PCSC responsibility. Policy Implications These results suggest that it may be more effective for parent education to challenge and deconstruct traditional gender roles versus focusing on self-efficacy, norms, and perceived outcomes if we want to increase parents’ perceived PCSC responsibility, especially within different-gender parent–child dyads.