Angle of Arrival estimation in Multi-User Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Networks

This work focuses on angle of arrival estimation algorithms of massive MIMO LEO satellite-ground networks. In particular, the performance is investigated under pilot contamination effects caused by residual Doppler frequency shifts, a common phenomenon in non-stationary satellite communications, especially when operating in higher frequency bands. This study provides pertinent insights on such impairments and concludes on the suitability as well as shortcomings of these AoA estimation techniques with respect to the different system parameters of massive MIMO LEO satellite networks. Overall, results show that a larger number of antenna elements on-board the satellite provides a better estimation quality and aids to reduce the adverse effects of pilot contamination.