Achieving COVID-19 vaccination equity in South Eastern Metropolitan Victoria, Australia: a population-based study

Background We describe COVID-19 first and second vaccine uptake across Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Victoria using southeast metropolitan Melbourne catchment as a case study. We explore key policy and implementation strategies that contributed to equitable uptake. Methods Population level data within the South East Public Health Unit (SEPHU) was used to compare trends in COVID-19 vaccination first and second dose uptake for each of the 11 LGAs in year 2021. Changes in vaccination uptake over the year were reviewed against social and public health measures used during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria and strategies in the SEPHU vaccination program. Findings By September 2021, 57% of the eligible population in the least disadvantaged LGA, Bayside, had received their second dose vaccination compared to 32% in the most disadvantaged LGA, Greater Dandenong. By end of 2021, the gap had narrowed with 95% in Bayside and 92% in Greater Dandenong having received their second dose. The increase in vaccination uptake for both LGAs was bimodal. Government policies on vaccine eligibility and the opening of mass vaccination sites preceded the first peak in vaccination uptake. Strong community engagement, addressing misinformation, providing culturally appropriate vaccination services and mass outbreaks preceded the second peak in vaccination uptake. Interpretation Vaccine equity across culturally and economically diverse populations can be achieved through a combination of robust, targeted community engagement, mass deployment of appropriate workforce, vaccination services tailored to cultural needs and sensitivities and accessibility to mass vaccination sites on a backdrop of state-wide policies that incentivise vaccination. Health 2023;39: Published September https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.lanwpc.2023. 100900