Adrenaline autoinjectors for Australian out-of-hospital anaphylaxis: where to from here?

Intramuscular adrenaline autoinjectors are accepted as first-line treatment for out-of-hospital anaphylaxis but face ongoing issues of patient nonadherence related to drug expiry, availability, correct administration, and public recognition of the disease. Adrenaline is associated with possible harms in patients with defined comorbidities but is still considered preferable. Further research and policy is required to facilitate the effective treatment of anaphylaxis.