Mechanical evaluation of revision surgery for femoral shaft nonunion initially treated with intramedullary nailing: Exchange nailing versus augmentation plating

•Quantitative Computed Tomography-based finite element analysis of revision surgery considering callus material properties.•Increasing the diameter of a nail enhances the stability of the exchange nailing, but lengthening a nail does not.•Fracture site instability increases with screw distance from fracture site in augmentation plating.•Augmentation plating is mechanically equivalent to exchange nailing for femoral shaft nonunion after intramedullary nailing.