Know Your Vulnerable Neighbors: Awareness Model for 5G C-V2X Communications Mode 2

The proliferation of cellular networks has become instrumental in the implementation of road safety applications due to the extensive penetration rate of this technology among road users and its promise to reduce message exchange latency times. Among the numerous features offered by Cellular to Everything C-V2X, sidelink stands out in a cooperative vehicular context. This paper explores the development of an analytical model designed to measure the awareness of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU)-including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists-by motorized vehicles in an urban intersection context. The model presumes that all VRUs are connected to the 5G network, aiding on-road safety applications. Our model intends to represent the behavior of the 5G network in communication mode 2, factoring in the impact of obstacles like buildings on signal propagation. Adjustments are made to previous models to account for an urban intersection scenario. We derive a new model based on the resource allocation scheme of the 5G New Radio mode 2, connecting the VRU packet delivery ratio with the likelihood of motorized vehicles detecting VRU.