Reduced expression of miR-221 is associated with the pro-apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa of oligospermia men

Oligospermia and asthenozoospermia, both frequent, can lead to male infertility. Oligospermia might be viewed as a milder form of azoospermia because the same mutations that produce azoospermia in some individuals also create oligospermia in other individuals. In this, we looked at different characteristics of oligospermia men, counting the level of apoptosis and a few related apoptotic and oxidative stress components, and compared them to solid controls. In this study, semen samples from healthy fertile men (n = 35) and oligospermia (n = 35) were collected, and sperm death rates in both groups were examined using flow cytometry. Also, gene expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers and miR-221 were investigated (Real-Time PCR). Moreover, for the evaluation of catalase and SOD activity and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 and TGF-beta, the specific ELISA kits and procedures were applied. As a result, higher gene and protein expression levels of PTEN, P27, and P57 were observed in patients with oligospermia. In contrast, lower mRNA expression of AKT and miR-221 was detected in this group. In addition, IL-10, TGF-beta, and catalase activity were suppressed in the oligospermia group compared with healthy men samples. Moreover, the frequency of apoptosis of sperm cells is induced in patients. In conclusion, apoptosis-related markers, PTEN, and the measurement of significant and efficient oxidative stress markers like SOD and catalase in semen plasma could be considered as the critical diagnostic markers for oli-gospermia. Future studies will be better able to treat oligospermia by showing whether these indicators are rising or falling.