A Scoping Review of eProfessionalism in Healthcare Education Literature

Objective: This study sought to answer the research question, 'How does eProfessionalism manifest in health profession student behaviors?' Key areas explored were how the concept of eProfessionalism is defined in empirical studies, healthcare profession student and educator perceptions of how online behaviors reflected eProfessionalism, and how eProfessionalism as a construct might assist healthcare students to understand the implications of their online behaviors. Methods: Scoping reviews are used in research areas where there is limited evidence available. This review followed a systematic process using the extended Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines, which included clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, and a process of charting, collating, and summarizing the results from searching 8 databases. Results: In total, 38 papers are included in this review primarily reflecting the professions of pharmacy medicine, nursing/midwifery, and dentistry. Five key themes were identified: defining eProfessionalism; online behavior; student/faculty perceptions of eProfessionalism in social media use; students not making a connection between personal use and online professional identity; and guidelines and training. Conclusion: This review suggests that health professions students struggle with blurred boundaries between personal and professional online presence, particularly concerning social media. Despite guidelines some students demonstrate unprofessional behaviors online suggesting further support is required for students to demonstrate eProfessionalism when engaging in digital environments.