Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei Proliferate in Procambarus clarkii: A Warning for Crayfish and Shrimp Aquaculture
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)(2023)
摘要
The pacific whiteleg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) and the crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) are the most productive aquatic animals in the world. The prevalence of the microsporidium Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), an intracellular spore-forming unicellular parasite which leading retarded growth of L. vannamei , has caused severe economic losses in most shrimp farming country. In this study, we found that the wild P. clarkii , living in shrimp ponds with EHP outbreak, excreted white faeces after temporary laboratory culture. The hepatopancreas (HP) of symptomatic crayfish exhibited a lighter color and severely atrophied. H&E-stain showed tissue lesions in both hepatopancreas and intestine, and clustered microsporidian spores were filled in the cytoplasm of the cells. PCR using EHPptp2 and two microsporidian-universal primers sets demonstrated the existence of EHP in the hepatopancreas, intestine and the white feces of P. clarkii . The EHP loads of 103-104 copies of EHPptp2 /50 ng HPgDNA were detected by qPCR. Developing stages and mature spores of EHP were observed in hepatopancreas of P. clarkii through indirect-immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Considering the large-scale cultivation of L. vannamei and P. clarkii , overlap farming areas between these two species as well as the ability of crayfish to crawl on land and water, our finding indicates the potential role of P. clarkii in the transmission of EHP, and it is an early warning for crayfish and shrimp farming.
### Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
* Pc
: Procambarus clarkii
Lv
: Litopenaeus vannamei
EHP
: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei
AHPND
: acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease
WSD
: White spot syndrome
HP
: hepatopancreas
WF
: white faces
IT
: intestine
PM
: peritrophic membrane
EL
: epithelial layer
CT
: connective tissue layer
ML
: muscle layer
S
: EHP mature spores
MP
: merogonic plasmodia
Ex
: exospore
En
: endospore
Pm
: plasm membrane or sporoplasm membrane
P
: polaroplast
PF
: polar filament
PT
: polar tube
N
: nucleus
AD
: anchoring disc
EDD
: electron-dense disk
EHPptp2
: EHP polar tube protein 2
cox
: mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I
D-loop
: mitochondrial control region (Displacement loop region)
gDNA
: genomic DNA
IFA
: indirect-immunofluorescence assay
TEM
: transmission electron microscopy
HPM
: hepatopancreas microsporidiosis
SPF
: specific pathogen free
PC
: positive control
NC
: negative control;
NTC
: no template control.
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关键词
shrimp aquaculture,crayfish,procambarus
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