High Sensitivity Milk Adulteration Detector Using Fractional Order Colpitts Oscillator

Milk samples with suitable electrodes behave as fractional order (FO) elements whose order $\alpha$ change with types of adulteration present in milk and their concentrations. In this work, a milk sample is taken as the FO element in an FO Colpitts oscillator (FOCO). Therefore, with the change in adulteration, the order changes resulting in a change in output frequency of FOCO. The paper presents the design of a milk adulteration detector using an FOCO and an FV converter and studies its calibration and sensitivity. It is found that the proposed meter has 6.5 times higher sensitivity and 6 times smaller resolution than the earlier reported meter. The proposed meter achieved an LOD of 3.0% in the case of tap water, 0.2 mg in urea and 4.4% in whey.