Clinical data warehouses for disease diagnosis: A focus on exosomal MicroRNA biomarkers

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with an intricate interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing to disease pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (μRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), critical regulators of gene expression, have been implicated in various aspects of CVD. This review provides an overview of the roles of specific μRNAs and lncRNAs in cardiovascular health and disease, discussing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We also delve into the various techniques, challenges, and future directions for μRNA detection and analysis, highlighting the importance of high-throughput technologies such as microarray experiments and next-generation sequencing. Moreover, the advent of Big Data has necessitated efficient clinical data warehousing, a critical component of μRNA research. We further address the essential data security and privacy considerations when storing and processing sensitive μRNA data. Collectively, this review underscores the significance of μRNAs and lncRNAs in CVD and emphasizes the importance of technological advancements and responsible data management in propelling this research field forward.