Skin as an interface: Understanding the synergy of dermatology, biomimetics and tribology

This review explores the intersection of tribology and dermatology, explicitly focusing on studying the human skin and drawing inspiration from natural systems. It investigates animal adaptations and their implications for biotribological applications, with examples such as the friction anisotropy and wear tolerance of snakeskin, the healing properties of fish skin and the lotus effect for reducing adhesion in biomedical devices. Understanding human skin presents challenges due to its complex structure and variability influenced by age, gender, race and environment. The paper discusses in vivo and ex vivo measurements, substitute models replicating human skin properties and contact mechanics considerations. It explores contact models, measurement methods and factors impacting skin friction, emphasising the interplay between adhesion and deformation components. Techniques such as atomic force microscopy and the colloidal probe technique provide insights into mechanical properties and molecular interactions. By comprehending the complexities of human skin and its tribological behaviour, researchers can develop innovative solutions in areas ranging from soft robotics to medical research and aerospace technology.