An efficient upcycling of graphite anode and separator for Na-ion Batteries via solvent-co-intercalation process

The need for efficient energy storage devices has led to a boom in Li-ion battery production, which will be a threat in the future to the global ecosystem in the form of toxic waste if not recycled properly. Herein, we report the electrochemical performance of recycled and fresh polyolefin separators in a glyme-based electrolyte for a recovered graphite/Na3V2(PO4)(3)-based Na-ion full-cell. An in-depth investigation of the electrolyte stability with tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether-based electrolytes and the compatibility with polyolefin separators has been done, with successful sodium-plating stripping for 350+ hours. Cycling stabilities with >99.9 % Coulombic efficiency for 250+ cycles have been observed in both half-and full-cell configurations, with robust capacity retention for the full-cell at a current of 1 A g(-1).