Five years nitrogen reduction management shifted soil bacterial community structure and function in high-yielding 'super' rice cultivation
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT(2024)
摘要
Integrated nitrogen (N) management has been adopted for the cultivation of 'super' rice to achieve high yield while minimizing environmental risks. How soil microbial communities respond to integrated N management in 'super' rice production remains unclear. Five years of field experiment was conducted under a wheat-rice system, with four treatments: conventional farming practices (300 kg ha-1 N), reduced (270 kg ha-1) and increase N (360 kg ha-1) application coupled with increased planting density and accurate irrigation, and a non-N control. The results showed that after five years of treatment, the predominant bacterial phyla shifted from Proteobacteria (22.99%), Acidobacteria (17.04%), and Chloroflexi (14.43%), to Proteobacteria (30.83%), Chloroflexi (20.9%), and Actinobacteria (16.07%). The structure of soil bacterial community differed among the treatments, with available phosphorus contents and pH as key drivers in the first year and NO3- -N content in the fifth year. The highest soil N content was detected in the treatment with increased N application, whereas the reduction of N application led to a 32% decrease in soil NO3--N content. A greater difference was detected in N functional groups in the fifth year than the first year. Following reduced N application, there was also an increased proportion of N-transforming groups, including those involved in aerobic ammonia oxidation, aerobic nitrate oxidation, nitrate denitrification, and nitrite denitrification. Collectively, N fertilizer reduction coupled with accurate irrigation was most effective in regulating soil bacterial communities, especially those associated with N transformation in 'super' rice cultivation.
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关键词
N fertilization,Integrated farming practices,'super' rice,Bacterial community,N transformation
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