Assessment of retinal and choroidal vessel density and nerve fibre layer thickness changes after orbitotomy in patients with severe non-active thyroid orbitopathy: a prospective study

Purpose To evaluate the optical coherence tomography angiogram changes in non-active severe thyroid-related ophthalmopathy patients after cosmetic bone decompression. Methods Eighteen patients (25 eyes) with severe not active not compressive (NANC) TED who were candidates for decompression surgery for cosmetic reasons were included in this study, and a 3 × 3 mm macular scan was used to measure vessel density and RNFL thickness. Whole macular vessel density in its superficial, deep and choriocapillaris layers was evaluated. The following data were extracted for each of layers: superior and inferior hemispheres, fovea, parafoveal vessel density, its superior and inferior hemispheres, and temporal, superior, nasal and inferior quadrant. Results The mean RPC increased postoperatively, which was statistically significant in small vessels of peripapillary area ( p -value = 0.045). The mean RNFL thickness decreased after surgery and it was statistically significant in the peripapillary ( p -value = 0.032) and Inferior-Hemifield area ( p -value = 0.036). The choriocapillaris changes were significant in Superior-Hemifield ( p -value = 0.031) and Fovea ( p -value = 0.03). Conclusion Thyroid-associated orbitopathy patients have a tendency to decrease vascular density and correlated with disease activity more than stage of orbitopathy. There was not a strong and even discrepant result in linkage of RNFL thickness and other optic nerve function tests and TED patient status and it is needed to do studies with more epidemiologic power and same methodology of study to be more comparable.