Intravenous tranexamic acid for intracerebral meningioma resections: A randomized, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial

Study objectives: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic that is widely used to reduce surgical bleeding. However, TXA occasionally causes seizures and the risk might be especially great after neurosurgery. We therefore tested the hypothesis that TXA does not meaningfully increase the risk of postoperative seizures within 7 days after intracranial tumor resections.Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial.Setting: Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. Patients: 600 patients undergoing supratentorial meningioma resection were included from October 2020 to August 2022Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to a single dose of 20 mg/kg of TXA after induction (n = 300) or to the same volume of normal saline (n = 300).Measurement: The primary outcome was postoperative seizures occurring within 7 days after surgery, analyzed in both the intention-to-treat and per-protocol populations. Non-inferiority was defined by an upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for the absolute difference being <5.5%. Secondary outcomes included incidence of non-epileptic complication within 7 days, changes in hemoglobin concentration, estimated intraoperative blood loss. Post hoc analyses included the types and timing of seizures, oozing assessment, and a sensitivity analysis for the primary outcome in patients with pathologic diagnosis of meningioma.Main results: All 600 enrolled patients adhered to the protocol and completed the follow-up for the primary outcome. Postoperative seizures occurred in 11 of 300 (3.7%) of patients randomized to normal saline and 13 of 300 (4.3%) patients assigned to tranexamic acid (mean risk difference, 0.7%; 1-sided 97.5% CI, -infinity to 4.3%; P = 0.001 for noninferiority). No significant differences were observed in any secondary outcome. Post hoc analysis indicated similar amounts of oozing, calculated blood loss, recurrent seizures, and timing of seizures.Conclusion: Among patients having supratentorial meningioma resection, a single intraoperative dose of TXA did not significantly reduce bleeding and was non-inferior with respect to postoperative seizures after surgery. Registry information: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04595786) on October 22, 2020, by Dr. Yuming Peng.