Dual-adaptive energy management strategy design for fast start-up and thermal balance control of multi-stack solid oxide fuel cell combined heat and power system

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybrid system offers several advantages, including rapid start-up, effectively mitigating thermal stress and system stability. In this study, a multi-stack SOFC battery hybrid (SBH) Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system is designed. A dual-adaptive control strategy for this multi-stack system is proposed. The assembly of each power generation module (PGM) in parallel is implemented and the reliability of the system is verified. The dynamic characteristics of the multi-stack SBH-CHP system and the effect of temperature on the system are investigated. The results show that the multi-stack system can achieve stability within 80 s. The transient current observed in the system reaches up to 40 A, which accounts for at least 25% of the current generated by the SOFC. The system exhibits robust and prompt dynamic response characteristics, which ultimately contribute to an extended operational lifespan. The proposed adaptive control method and adaptive energy management strategy have been proven to be effective approaches for addressing the issues associated with rapid start-up and over-temperature within the multi-stack SBH-CHP system.