How do brassinosteroids fit in bud outgrowth models?

Short stature crops were developed during the green revolution mainly due to their resistance to falling over (lodging), improved crop harvestability and management, and a greater proportion of biomass in the grains, leading to superior yield. These crops were disrupted in the gibberellin (GA) pathway, which caused the reduced height (). GA disruption can introduce unwanted effects in other important traits such as fertility, leaf expansion, seed quality, and stress response (). Hence, there are currently efforts to uncouple negative side effects of GA-related short stature or utilize alternative dwarfing pathways, such as brassinosteroids (BRs). A network of plant hormonal signals coordinates plant branching. Brassinosteroids are important in this network, acting as repressors of the strigolactone pathway and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 .