Forensic analysis of planned and unplanned complex suicides: a case series

Research on suicide has always been an area of particular interest in the forensic field. Over time, classifications have been proposed to define different types of suicide. A category is represented by complex suicides (CS) defined using two or more suicide methods simultaneously or consecutively. Considering the victim's intentions, CS can be distinguished into planned, in which the victim plans the methods to ensure the fatal outcome, and unplanned, in which the methods are implemented in the mid-course because the first proves too painful or prolonged. The sometimes-varied dynamics with which such suicides are carried out can pose a diagnostic challenge for forensic pathologists and investigators. This paper aims to report the case history of complex suicides analysed during a year at the University of Rome 'Tor Vergata'. For each case, the data from the on-site investigation (presence of suicide note and anamnestic information from the medical records of the deceased or family members' reports) and autopsy investigations were analysed and discussed, with particular reference to the suicide methods used. For each case, a classification into planned and unplanned was proposed based on an integrated analytical approach.