Prospects on the adoption of a microservice-based architecture in 5G systems and beyond

The increasing softwarisation of mobile core network functions is fostering the evolution of the mobile network architecture itself, which in its fifth generation (5G) has moved towards a service provider/consumer framework and service-based interfaces. Moreover, the 5G architecture is suitable for the exploitation of the mobile technology for dedicated, non-public uses as an alternative to nation-wide deployments. The 5G core networks are a crucial part of this architectural paradigm shift, which aims at closing the gap between the telecommunications domain and the information technology world at large. The objective of this article is to discuss the adoption of software design concepts like microservices and cloud-nativeness in the context of mobile networks. Specifically, we will (i) advocate the need for a non-trivial adaptation of the 5G core network and a redesign of its functions into a micro service-based architecture, (ii) identify an approach to achieve this objective and put it into practice by decomposing three exemplary network functions, both theoretically and practically, in microservices in charge of distinct responsibilities, and (iii) propose ways forward towards the adoption and further extension of these concepts in beyond-5G mobile systems. • Design patterns for decomposing 5G Core Network Network Function into microservices, allowing cloud-native procedures to better automate changes in infrastructure resources. • Examples of three decomposed Network Functions that were implemented and tested to demonstrate the advances of following a microservice software architecture. • Architectural considerations for beyond 5G systems extending and refining the Service-Based Architecture principles in 3GPP.