Identification of rare variants in candidate genes associated with monogenic diabetes in polish mody-x patients

Purpose Monogenic diabetes (MD) is caused by a mutation in a single gene and accounts for approximately 2.5–6% of all diabetes cases. Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is the most common form of MD. To date, 14 different genes have been identified and associated with the presence of MODY phenotype. However, the number of potential candidate genes with relevance to beta cell function and glucose metabolism is increasing as more research is published. The aim of the study was to identify potentially causative variants in selected candidate genes in patients with a clinical diagnosis of MD. Methods Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing (tNGS) on Illumina NextSeq 550 platform involving Agilent SureSelectQXT Target Enrichment protocol for 994 patients with suspected MD was performed. In the next step, the sequencing data of 617 patients with no pathogenic variants in main MD-related genes were reanalysed for the presence of causative variants in six candidate genes ( MTOR, TBC1D4, CACNA1E, MNX1, SLC19A2, KCNH6 ). The presence of the selected variants was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results Seven heterozygous possibly damaging variants were identified in four candidate genes ( MTOR, TBC1D4, CACNA1E, MNX1 ). Five changes were assessed as novel variants, not previously described in available databases. None of the described variants were present among patients previously diagnosed with MODY diabetes due to causative, pathogenic variants in known MODY-related genes. Conclusions The results obtained seem to confirm the effectiveness of the NGS method in identifying potentially causative variants in novel candidate genes associated with MODY diabetes.