Extractives from Artemisia afra with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties.

Secondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. Spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. The phytochemical investigation of led to the isolation of eight (-) compounds which were identified as 3-taraxerol (), 3-taraxerol acetate (), dodecyl--coumarate (), ferulic acid (), scopoletin (), sitosterol-3----glucopyranoside (), 3,5-di--feruloylquinic acid () and Isofraxidin-7----glucopyranoside () based on spectroscopic data. Compounds , , , , , and are known but were isolated for the first time from the roots of . The isolated compounds and extracts from exhibited good anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts (0.078 mg/mL) and compound (62.5 µg/mL) showed good activities against . Compounds and also showed good activity against with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 and 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. Extracts and compounds (-) exhibited anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and showed no toxicity when tested on Vero monkey kidney (Vero) cells.