An incentivized scheme for electric vehicle charging demand management

The market share of electric vehicles (EVs) is expected to grow, necessitating infrastructure development to support this expansion. However, scientific literature predominantly focuses on charging infrastructure design, overlooking the importance of pricing strategies that can optimize their utilization. To address this gap, this study presents an integrated incentive scheme aimed at maximizing system utilization by effectively distributing the charging demand across stations. Moreover, a novel concept of Flex Accessible Charging Points (FLEX-ACP) is introduced, specifically designed to enhance accessibility and reduce waiting time for users with disabilities and seniors (UDS). The proposed framework utilizes an optimal charging network configuration, considering the number and locations of charging facilities, and then determines appropriate incentives at each station to minimize total waiting time. The problem is formulated as a bi-level optimization model, which is subsequently transformed into a single-level mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP). To solve this program, a combination of heuristic and branch-and-cut algorithms is employed. The developed models are tested through a realistic case study, utilizing real-world data from Salt Lake County in Utah.