Hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging potential of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaf extracts: In vitro and in silico ADMET studies

The present study focused on the hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Canthium coromandelicum (Burm.f.) Alston leaf extract by in vitro and in silico analyses. In vitro antidiabetic activities were studied by α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assays. The anti-inflammatory activity was analysed by bovine serum albumin denaturation assay and anti-aging activity by the inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme. The molecular docking study was undertaken to examine the binding mode and interactions of reported compounds of the hydroalcoholic extract of C. coromandelicum leaf with 7TAA, 3WY1, 2Y9X, and 4COX proteins. The plant exhibited promising antidiabetic effects with an inhibition of 86.09% against α-amylase and 83.53% against α-glucosidase enzymes. The extract had a notable anti-inflammatory activity with an inhibition range of 50.23 to 73.17%. The anti-aging activity showed 50.31 to 76.78% of inhibition in anti-tyrosinase assay with a potential effect in hyperpigmentation. In molecular docking analysis, the compounds like linoleic acid, phytol, methyl linoleate, palmitic acid and ethyl octa-decanoate had potent inhibitory activities against 7TAA, 3WY1, 2Y9X and 4COX proteins (6.90 to -4.42 kcal/mol) especially linoleic acid was found to be highly effective (-6.11 kcal/mol) antidiabetic effect with notable binding scores. The obtained results suggest that phytoconstituents identified from the plant have the potential in controlling diabetes by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes with promising anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. However, further research is required to ascertain its potential effect in experimental animals and isolation of bioactive compounds.