The Use of Graphic Facilitation to Support Adherence to OCAP? Principles in Research With Indigenous Communities

Graphic facilitation is a creative, robust visual communication process and tool that can be used by researchers for several benefits including improving data integrity; mitigating barriers between researchers and participants; promoting participants' ownership of data, decision-making, and creativity; and, co-creating knowledge, which is of particular interest among certain cultures and in some contexts. For Indigenous Peoples who traditionally use visual, oral, and narrative modalities as primary forms of communication, graphic facilitation is a methodology that aligns well with these modes of communicating. In this article, we describe our use of graphic facilitation in a community-led project exploring Indigenous parents' perceptions of community strengths, needs and priorities related to healthy early childhood development and optimal parenting. In collaboration with the Indigenous Friendship Centre in Hamilton, Canada, we held a Community Gathering that was facilitated by a graphic artist experienced in working with the Indigenous community; the findings resulting from the Gathering are presented. We discuss how researchers can use graphic facilitation as a tool to ensure adherence to the OCAP (R) principles of data ownership, control, access, and possession for the Indigenous community and describe the potential for mitigating power imbalances. Finally, considerations for researchers contemplating using graphic facilitation as a tool for research projects with Indigenous people and communities are presented.