Research progress on efficient thermal management system for electric vehicle batteries based on two-phase transformation

Given the energy situation and the rapid growth of the electric vehicle market, electric vehicles (EVs) will face high battery heat production and performance issues brought about by increased range and fast charging per-formance. Battery thermal management systems (BTMS) for EVs must provide higher heat transfer efficiency to ensure proper battery operating temperature with higher energy density and lower energy consumption to improve current vehicles. The two-phase transformation involves the absorption and release of latent heat from the working medium to achieve efficient heat transfer, and the related heat transfer technology is considered to be an effective approach to the current iterative upgrade of BTMS. This review classifies the existing concepts of thermal management for EVs based on phase change technology and reviews the development of each tech-nology to comprehensively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the studied technologies. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for technology development are summarized, and recommendations are provided for future research to advance the commercialization of EV phase change technology.