Oscillatoria sancta Cultivation Using Fruit and Vegetable Waste Formulated Media and Its Potential as a Functional Food: Assessment of Cultivation Optimization

The most cost-effective technique to cultivate microalgae is with low-cost resources, like fruit and vegetable peels. This study examined the viability of culturing microalgae ( Oscillatoria sancta PCC 7515) isolated from a waterlogged region of Punjab, India, in a low-cost medium (fruit and vegetable waste peels) for pharmaceutical use. 16S rRNA sequencing discovered O. sancta PCC 7515. Fruit and vegetable peels were mineralized and chemically analyzed. At a 5% Bacillus flexus concentration, fruit and vegetable peels were liquefied at room temperature for 24 h. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to assess and improve important cultural variables. The RSM predicted the best results at 10 pH, 30 days of incubation, 5% inoculum concentration, and 5% fruit and vegetable waste liquid leachate. The optimum conditions yielded more biomass than the basal conditions (0.8001 g/L). O. sancta PCC 7515 produced more lipids, proteins, Chl a , and Chl b in a formulated alternate medium than standard media. This study shows that O. sancta PCC 7515 may thrive on fruit and vegetable peel media. Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) media assure low-cost microalgae-based functional foods. Graphical Abstract