Pulsar scintillation through thick and thin: bow shocks, bubbles, and the broader interstellar medium

Observations of pulsar scintillation are among the few astrophysical probes of very small-scale (less than or similar to au) phenomena in the interstellar medium (ISM). In particular, characterization of scintillation arcs, including their curvature and intensity distributions, can be related to interstellar turbulence and potentially overpressurized plasma in local ISM inhomogeneities, such as supernova remnants, H II regions, and bow shocks. Here we present a survey of eight pulsars conducted at the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), revealing a diverse range of scintillation arc characteristics at high sensitivity. These observations reveal more arcs than measured previously for our sample. At least nine arcs are observed toward B1929+10 at screen distances spanning similar to 90 per cent of the pulsar's 361 pc path length to the observer. Four arcs are observed toward B0355+54, with one arc yielding a screen distance as close as similar to 10(5) au ( <1 pc) from either the pulsar or the observer. Several pulsars show highly truncated, low-curvature arcs that may be attributable to scattering near the pulsar. The scattering screen constraints are synthesized with continuum maps of the local ISM and other well-characterized pulsar scintillation arcs, yielding a three-dimensional view of the scattering media in context.