Recommendations for centers performing pediatric heart surgery in the United States

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommenda-tions were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these chil-dren have not been undertaken to date. The present initiative brings together pro-fessional societies spanning numerous care domains and congenital cardiac surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, nursing, and other healthcare professionals from diverse programs around the country to develop consensus recommenda-tions for United States centers. The focus of this initial work is on pediatric heart surgery, and it is recommended that future efforts focus in detail on the adult congenital population. We describe the background, rationale, and methodology related to this collaborative effort, and recommendations put forth for Essential Care Centers (essential services necessary for any program), and Comprehensive Care Centers (services to optimize comprehensive and high-complexity care), en-compassing structure, process, and outcome metrics across 14 domains. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023;166:1782-820)