Discrimination of human and animal bloodstains using hyperspectral imaging
Forensic science, medicine, and pathology(2023)
摘要
Blood is the most encountered type of biological evidence in violent crimes and contains pertinent information to a forensic investigation. The false presumption that blood encountered at a crime scene is human may not be realised until after costly and sample-consuming tests are performed. To address the question of blood origin, the novel application of visible-near infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is used for the detection and discrimination of human and animal bloodstains. The HSI system used is a portable, non-contact, non-destructive method for the determination of blood origin. A support vector machine (SVM) binary classifier was trained for the discrimination of bloodstains of human ( n = 20) and five animal species: pig ( n = 20), mouse ( n = 16), rat ( n = 5), rabbit ( n = 5), and cow ( n = 20). On an independent test set, the SVM model achieved accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity values of 96, 97, 95, and 96%, respectively. Segmented images of bloodstains aged over a period of two months were produced, allowing for the clear visualisation of the discrimination of human and animal bloodstains. The inclusion of such a system in a forensic investigation workflow not only removes ambiguity surrounding blood origin, but can potentially be used in tandem with HSI bloodstain age determination methods for rapid on-scene forensic analysis.
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关键词
Animal blood,Hyperspectral imaging (HSI),Support vector machine (SVM),Neighbourhood component feature selection (NCFS),Forensics
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