Graphene-Based Highly Efficient Surface Plasmon Resonance Thin Film Design with Zr-Cr-W Multilayer Structure for Solar Energy Absorption

We constructed an absorber in three different layers with a base, substrate, and resonator. The base layer is built with tungsten (W), the substrate layer is used chromium (Cr), and the sphere is constructed with zirconium (Zr). To explore the better absorption value, a ground layer is built between a Cr substrate layer and a Zr sphere. The accepted absorption rates can be observed in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (V), near-infrared (NIR), and also middle-infrared (MIR) spectra. The overall absorption percentage for all regions is 94.3% (above 90%) with a 2800 bandwidth between the wavelength separation of 0.2 and 3 µm. To examine the various absorption percentages of the recent absorber, the parameters of the design width, thicknesses of the base and substrate layer, and the radius of the sphere can be studied. Additionally, the variations in TE and TM modes can study by varying a 10-degree separation between 0 and 50 degrees. The quantities of the amount of the electric field intensity in six peak wavelengths can be illustrated in two dimensions with the color presentation. The novelty aspects of the study include the investigation of unique Zr sphere compilation on the graphene layer, the analysis of the impacts of varying chemical potential, and the introduction of a ground layer for improved absorption. The graphene monolayer deposition and the complex structure make the absorber structure unfit for commercial uses, whereas in the research purpose, further uses like space application can be achieved by the structure due to its high efficiency.