Pharmacy on the front lines: A century of pandemic response in America

The history of American pharmacy contributions to pandemic responses can be described for five pandemics: 1918 (influenza A/H1N1 virus), 1957-1958 (H2N2 virus), 1968 (H3N2 virus), 2009 (H1N1pdm09 virus), and 2019-2023 (syndrome coronavirus-2 virus). Using historical surveillance data and published literature, this article provides opportunities to reflect on how the pharmacy profession played a role in preparedness and response. (c) 2023 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.