Study on the effect of licochalcone A on intestinal flora in type 2 diabetes mellitus mice based on 16S rRNA technology.

Licorice, has a long history in China where it has various uses, including as a medicine, and is often widely consumed as a food ingredient. Licorice is rich in various active components, including polysaccharides, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and nucleosides, among which licochalcone A (LicA) is an active component with multiple physiological effects. Previous studies from our research group have shown that LicA can significantly improve glucose and lipid metabolism and related complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. However, research on the mechanism of LicA in T2DM mice based on intestinal flora has not been carried out in depth. Therefore, in this study, LicA was taken as the research object and the effects of LicA on glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal flora in T2DM mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ)/high-fat feed (HFD) were explored. The results indicated that LicA could reduce serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels, increase HDL-C levels, reduce blood glucose, and improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance. LicA also alleviated pathological damage to the liver. The results also showed that LicA significantly affected the intestinal microbiota composition and increased the α diversity index. β Diversity analysis showed that after the intervention of LicA, the composition of intestinal flora was significantly different from that in the T2DM model group. Correlation analysis showed that the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism parameters in mice were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Helicobacter, and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.01). Analysis of key bacteria showed that LicA could significantly promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter, Blautia, and Faecococcus, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, such as Enterococcus, Dorea, and Arachnococcus. In conclusion, it was confirmed that LicA reversed the imbalanced intestinal flora, and increased the richness and diversity of the species in T2DM mice.