The Pierre Auger Collaboration,A. Abdul Halim,P. Abreu,M. Aglietta,I. Allekotte,K. Almeida Cheminant,A. Almela,R. Aloisio,J. Alvarez-Muñiz,J. Ammerman Yebra,G. A. Anastasi,L. Anchordoqui,B. Andrada,S. Andringa,Anukriti,C. Aramo,P. R. Araújo Ferreira,E. Arnone,J. C. Arteaga Velázquez,P. Assis,G. Avila,E. Avocone,A. M. Badescu,A. Bakalova,F. Barbato,A. Bartz Mocellin,J. A. Bellido,C. Berat,M. E. Bertaina,G. Bhatta,M. Bianciotto,P. L. Biermann,V. Binet,K. Bismark,T. Bister,J. Biteau,J. Blazek,C. Bleve,J. Blümer,M. Boháčová,D. Boncioli,C. Bonifazi,L. Bonneau Arbeletche,N. Borodai,J. Brack,P. G. Brichetto Orchera,F. L. Briechle,A. Bueno,S. Buitink,M. Buscemi,A. Bwembya,M. Büsken,K. S. Caballero-Mora,S. Cabana-Freire,L. Caccianiga,R. Caruso,A. Castellina,F. Catalani,G. Cataldi,L. Cazon,M. Cerda,A. Cermenati,J. A. Chinellato,J. Chudoba,L. Chytka,R. W. Clay,A. C. Cobos Cerutti,R. Colalillo,A. Coleman,M. R. Coluccia,R. Conceição,A. Condorelli,G. Consolati,M. Conte,F. Convenga,D. Correia dos Santos,P. J. Costa,C. E. Covault,M. Cristinziani,C. S. Cruz Sanchez,S. Dasso,K. Daumiller,B. R. Dawson,R. M. de Almeida,J. de Jesús,S. J. de Jong,J. R. T. de Mello Neto,I. De Mitri,J. de Oliveira,D. de Oliveira Franco,F. de Palma,V. de Souza,B. P. de Souza de Errico,E. De Vito,A. Del Popolo,O. Deligny,N. Denner,L. Deval,A. di Matteo,M. Dobre,C. Dobrigkeit,J. C. D'Olivo,L. M. Domingues Mendes,J. C. dos Anjos,R. C. dos Anjos,J. Ebr,F. Ellwanger,M. Emam,R. Engel,I. Epicoco,M. Erdmann,A. Etchegoyen,C. Evoli,H. Falcke,J. Farmer,G. Farrar,A. C. Fauth,N. Fazzini,F. Feldbusch,F. Fenu,A. Fernandes,B. Fick,J. M. Figueira,A. Filipčič,T. Fitoussi,B. Flaggs,T. Fodran,T. Fujii,A. Fuster,C. Galea,C. Galelli,B. García,C. Gaudu,H. Gemmeke,F. Gesualdi,A. Gherghel-Lascu,P. L. Ghia,U. Giaccari,J. Glombitza,F. Gobbi,F. Gollan,G. Golup,J. P. Gongora,J. M. González,N. González,I. Goos,A. Gorgi,M. Gottowik,T. D. Grubb,F. Guarino,G. P. Guedes,E. Guido,M. Gómez Berisso,P. F. Gómez Vitale,D. Góra,S. Hahn,P. Hamal,M. R. Hampel,P. Hansen,D. Harari,V. M. Harvey,A. Haungs,T. Hebbeker,C. Hojvat,P. Horvath,M. Hrabovský,T. Huege,J. R. Hörandel,A. Insolia,P. G. Isar,P. Janecek,J. A. Johnsen,J. Jurysek,K. H. Kampert,B. Keilhauer,A. Khakurdikar,V. V. Kizakke Covilakam,H. O. Klages,M. Kleifges,F. Knapp,N. Kunka,B. L. Lago,N. Langner,M. A. Leigui de Oliveira,Y. Lema-Capeans,A. Letessier-Selvon,I. Lhenry-Yvon,L. Lopes,L. Lu,Q. Luce,J. P. Lundquist,A. Machado Payeras,M. Majercakova,D. Mandat,B. C. Manning,P. Mantsch,S. Marafico,F. M. Mariani,A. G. Mariazzi,I. C. Mariş,G. Marsella,D. Martello,S. Martinelli,M. A. Martins,O. Martínez Bravo,H. J. Mathes,J. Matthews,G. Matthiae,E. Mayotte,S. Mayotte,P. O. Mazur,G. Medina-Tanco,J. Meinert,D. Melo,A. Menshikov,C. Merx,S. Michal,M. I. Micheletti,L. Miramonti,S. Mollerach,F. Montanet,L. Morejon,C. Morello,K. Mulrey,R. Mussa,W. M. Namasaka,S. Negi,L. Nellen,K. Nguyen,G. Nicora,M. Niechciol,D. Nitz,D. Nosek,V. Novotny,L. Nožka,A. Nucita,L. A. Núñez,C. Oliveira,M. Palatka,J. Pallotta,S. Panja,G. Parente,T. Paulsen,J. Pawlowsky,M. Pech,R. Pelayo,L. A. S. Pereira,E. E. Pereira Martins,J. Perez Armand,L. Perrone,S. Petrera,C. Petrucci,T. Pierog,M. Pimenta,M. Platino,B. Pont,M. Pothast,M. Pourmohammad Shahvar,P. Privitera,M. Prouza,A. Puyleart,C. Pérez Bertolli,J. Pękala,S. Querchfeld,J. Rautenberg,D. Ravignani,J. V. Reginatto Akim,M. Reininghaus,J. Ridky,F. Riehn,M. Risse,V. Rizi,W. Rodrigues de Carvalho,E. Rodriguez,J. Rodriguez Rojo,M. J. Roncoroni,S. Rossoni,M. Roth,E. Roulet,A. C. Rovero,P. Ruehl,A. Saftoiu,M. Saharan,F. Salamida,H. Salazar,G. Salina,J. D. Sanabria Gomez,E. M. Santos,E. Santos,F. Sarazin,R. Sarmento,R. Sato,P. Savina,V. Scherini,H. Schieler,M. Schimassek,M. Schimp,D. Schmidt,O. Scholten,H. Schoorlemmer,P. Schovánek,F. G. Schröder,J. Schulte,T. Schulz,C. M. Schäfer,S. J. Sciutto,M. Scornavacche,A. Segreto,S. Sehgal,S. U. Shivashankara,G. Sigl,G. Silli,O. Sima,F. Simon,R. Smau,P. Sommers,J. F. Soriano,R. Squartini,M. Stadelmaier,S. Stanič,J. Stasielak,P. Stassi,M. Straub,S. Strähnz,T. Suomijärvi,A. D. Supanitsky,Z. Svozilikova,Z. Szadkowski,F. Sánchez,F. Tairli,A. Tapia,C. Taricco,C. Timmermans,O. Tkachenko,P. Tobiska,C. J. Todero Peixoto,B. Tomé,Z. Torrès,A. Travaini,P. Travnicek,C. Trimarelli,M. Tueros,M. Unger,L. Vaclavek,M. Vacula,J. F. Valdés Galicia,L. Valore,E. Varela,D. Veberič,C. Ventura,I. D. Vergara Quispe,V. Verzi,J. Vicha,J. Vink,J. Vlastimil,S. Vorobiov,A. Vásquez-Ramírez,C. Watanabe,A. A. Watson,A. Weindl,L. Wiencke,H. Wilczyński,D. Wittkowski,B. Wundheiler,B. Yue,A. Yushkov,O. Zapparrata,E. Zas,D. Zavrtanik,M. Zavrtanik,R. Šmída
arxiv（2023）
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摘要
Operating since 2004, the Pierre Auger Observatory has led to major advances in our 8 understanding of the ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. The latest findings have revealed new insights 9 that led to the upgrade of the Observatory, with the primary goal of obtaining information on the 10 primary mass of the most energetic cosmic rays on a shower-by-shower basis. In the framework of the 11 upgrade, called AugerPrime, the 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors of the surface array are equipped 12 with plastic scintillators and radio antennas, allowing us to enhance the composition sensitivity. 13 To accommodate new detectors and to increase experimental capabilities, the electronics is also 14 upgraded. This includes better timing with up-to-date GPS receivers, higher sampling frequency, 15 increased dynamic range, and more powerful local processing of the data. In this paper, the design 16 characteristics of the new electronics and the enhanced dynamic range will be described. The 17 manufacturing and test processes will be outlined and the test results will be discussed. The 18 calibration of the SD detector and various performance parameters obtained from the analysis of 19 the first commissioning data will also be presented.
